The Meaning of رَبْ – Rabb

February 24, 2009 at 9:39 pm | Posted in Tawhid | Leave a comment
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بسم الله الرحمان الرحيم

الحمد الله

Rabb is a linguistic term used for the owner (Maalik), the master (as-Sayyid), the one who takes care of, sustains, nourishes (al-Qayyum), and provides or takes care of everything (ar-Razzaq) (Lisaan al-Arab by ibn Mandhur (d. 711)).

This definition includes the following:

  • True and complete owner
  • The one with the right to be obeyed.
  • The One who nourishes, and sustains. He is the Master and Controller of the universe.

This also means tawheed of Allah سبحانه و تعالى in His Actions. Only Allah سبحانه و تعالى nourishes, gives life, and sustains. No other being can do the things Allah سبحانه و تعالى does. No one else can legislate, or has the right to be obeyed other than Allah سبحانه و تعالى.

It is also important to know that creation is not mentioned in this definition, but it is implied by complete ownership, because only the Creator has the complete right of ownership. The One who creates out of nothing is the One with the right to legislate, and no one else has that right.

The word tarbiyah is also derived from the same root, and means to take care of. Allah سبحانه و تعالى is the One who takes care of everything. The existence of creation is dependent upon Allah سبحانه و تعالى.

Rabb is used to mean the One who is obeyed,

يَا صَاحِبَيِ السِّجْنِ أَمَّا أَحَدُكُمَا فَيَسْقِي رَبَّهُ خَمْرًا ۖ وَأَمَّا الْآخَرُ فَيُصْلَبُ فَتَأْكُلُ الطَّيْرُ مِن رَّأْسِهِ ۚ قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي فِيهِ تَسْتَفْتِيَانِ

“O two companions of the prison! As for one of you, he (as a servant) will pour out wine for his lord (rabb) to drink; and as for the other, he will be crucified and birds will eat from his head. Thus is the case judged concerning which you both did inquire.” {Surah Yusuf, ayah 41}

We love the Companions of the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم

February 3, 2009 at 9:41 pm | Posted in Miscellaneous Aspects of 'Aqīdaħ | Leave a comment
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بسم الله الرحمان الرحيم

الحمد الله

We love the Companions of the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم. Nonetheless we do not go to extremes in the love of anyone of them, nor do we forsake anyone of them. But we hate him who hates them, and talks of them in an unseemly manner. As for us, we do not mention them but in good terms. Their love is religion, faith, and excellence. And their hatred is disbelief, hypocrisy and rebellion.

This is because Allah spoke well of them, as did His Messenger صلى الله عليه و سلم. Allah was pleased with them and promised them “the good.” He said:

“And the Outstrippers from among the Immigrants and the Helpers and those who followed them in good deeds, Allah was pleased with them and they were pleased with Him. He has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. That is the great triumph.” (Al-Tawbah, 100)

Allah also said:

“Muhammad the Messenger of Allah, and those who are with him, are hard upon the unbelievers, compassionate among themselves, you see them bowing down, prostrating themselves.” (Al-Fut-h, 29)

The Sahihayn have a report narrated by Abu Sa’id al-Khudri. It says that something happened between Khalld b. Walid and ‘Abdul Rahman b. ‘Awf, Khalld said a harsh word to ‘Abdul Rahman. The Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم said: “Don’t say harsh things to any of my Companions. If one of you were to spend gold equal to Mount Uhud, he will not achieve in any measure what any one of them achieved – not even half of that.” Thus we see that the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم prohibited one who had latter companionship from speaking against one who had earlier companionship. This, when a person of the stature of Khalid ibn Walid is involved, who embraced Islam before the fall of Makkah. What about him who had no share of his companionship?

Incidentally, what is narrated of the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم‘s words, viz., “My companions are stars. Whomsoever you followed, you will be guided” is a weak report not to be found in any of the authentic collections.

However, the following is an authentic report from the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم. He said: “No one who pledged his hand under the tree will enter the Fire.”

‘Abdullah ibn Mas’ud put it very aptly when he said describing them: “Allah looked upon the hearts of the people and found the heart of Muhammad as the best among them. So He chose him for Himself, and sent him with His message. Then He looked at the hearts of the people, after the heart of the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم, and found the hearts of his companions as the best among the people. Therefore He made them helpers to His messenger.”

By Imam Ibn Abi ‘Izz AlHanafi رحمه الله

On the Hadith Naming the 99 Names of Allahسبحانه و تعالى

February 2, 2009 at 10:34 pm | Posted in Tawhid | Leave a comment
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بسم الله الرحمان الحيم

الحمد الله

The famous of hadeeth of Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه:-

Narrated Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه Allaah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه و سلم said : “Allaah The Most High has ninety-nine names. He who retains them in his memory will enter Paradise.

He is Allaah, other than whom there is none worthy of worship, the Compassionate, the Merciful, the King, the Holy, the Source of Peace, the Preserver of Security, the Protector, the Mighty, the Overpowering, the Great in Majesty, the Creator, the Maker, the Fashioner, the Forgiver, the Dominant, the Bestower, the Provider, the Decider, the Knower, the Withholder, the Plentiful Giver, the Abaser, the Exalted, the Honourer, the Humiliator, the Hearer, the Seer, the Judge, the Just, the Gracious, the Informed, the Clement, the Incomparably Great, the Forgiving, the Rewarder, the Most High, the Most Great, the Preserver, the Sustainer, the Reckoner, the Majestic, the Generous, the Watcher, the Answerer, the Liberal, the Wise, the Loving, the Glorious, the Raiser, the Witness, the Real, the Trustee, the Strong, the Firm, the Patron, the Praiseworthy, the All-Knowing, the Originator, the Restorer to Life, the Giver of Life, the Giver of Death, the Living, the Eternal, the Self-sufficient, the Grand, the One, the Single, He to Whom men repair, the Powerful, the Prevailing, the Advancer, the Delayer, the First, the Last, the Outward, the Inward, the Governor, the Sublime, the Amply Beneficent, the Acceptor of Repentance, the Avenger, the Pardoner, the Kindly, the Ruler of the Kingdom, the Lord of Majesty and Splendor, the Equitable, the Gatherer, the Independent, the Enricher, the Depriver, the Harmer, the Benefactor, the Light, the Guide, the First Cause, the Enduring, the Inheritor, the Director, the Patient.” [1]

Some Of The Reasons For Its Weakness :-

At-Tirmidhee says : This hadeeth is Ghareeb. It has been narrated by other than one person from Sufyaan Bin Saaleh, and we do not know the hadeeth except from Sufyaan Bin Saaleh, and he is (only) trustworthy amongst the scholars of hadeeth. [2]

Ibn Atee says : The hadeeth in At-Tirmidhee is not Mutawaatir. In it are names that deviate from the rules, and (there are names) found in the du`a of the Prophet eg., Ya Hannaan, Ya Mannaan; and not one of them is in the hadeeth of At-Tirmidhee. [3]

Al-Qaadi Abu Bakr Ibn al-’Araabi says : We do not know if the explanation of these names (i.e. 99 names) are in the hadeeth or from the saying of the narrator.

Al-Mahfuz says from Abu Ayyub and Hisham, “(regarding this hadeeth) it is without the listing (of the names).”

Al-Hakim says : And ‘Abdul ‘Azeez is reliable (in the chain). Those who agree about it`s weakness are Bukhaaree, Muslim, and Ibn Ma’een. Al-Baihaqi (says) it is weak among the traditionalists. And Al-Baihaqi says : It is conceivable that it`s tafseer is dropped from some of the narrator, and because of this probability the two sheikhs (Bukhaaree and Muslim) moved to the hadeeth of Al-Waleed in the Saheeh.

Haafidh Ibn Hajr explains the reason for it`s being Da’eef in “Fathul-Bari” 11/215

Ibn Katheer says : The listing of this hadeeth is Mujarrad (which is an addition by a reporter to the text of the saying by the narrator.)

Ibn Taimiyyah also says : Verily the ninety-nine names have not been specified in any saheeh hadeeth from the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم. [4]

The evidence why it is not authentic (also) lies in that it falls short of many of the names from the text of the Qur`aan and the Sunnah. For e.g. :- Ar-Rabb, Al-Khaalik, Al-Qadeer, Al-Qareeb, and similarly, many of the names are found in it that not specified in the Qur`aan and the Sunnah for e.g :- As-Saboor, Al-Mahsee, Ar-Rasheed, Al-Baqi.


[1] At-Tirmidhee : 5/530, hadeeth no.3507. Hadeeth Saheeh without the listing of names, refer to Al-Baihaqi`s “Al-Asmaa wal Sifaat” vol. 1, p22. (See Saheeh Muslim Eng. vol.4 : 1409)
[2] At Tirmidhee : 5/530, hadeeth no.3507.
[3] “Talkheesil-Baheer” : 4/172.
[4] “Majmu’al-Fataawa” Shaikh-ul-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah: 22/482.

Signs of Allah’s Existence

February 2, 2009 at 6:36 pm | Posted in Tawhid | Leave a comment
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بسم الله الرحمان الحيم

الحمد الله

“O mankind! Worship your Lord (Allah), Who created you and those who were before you so that you may acquire taqwa (piety).

Who has made the earth a resting place for you, and the sky as a canopy, and sent down water (rain) from the sky and brought forth therewith fruits as a provision for you. Then do not set up rivals unto Allah (in worship) while you know (that He alone has the right to be worshipped.”

Qur’an, 2:21-22

Several scholars of Tafsir, like Ar-Razi and others, used this Ayat (verse) as an argument for the existence of the Creator, and it is a most worthy method of argument. Indeed, whoever ponders over the things that exist, the higher and lower creatures, their various shapes, colors, behavior, benefits and ecological roles, then he will realize the ability, wisdom, knowledge, perfection and majesty of the Creator. Once a Bedouin was asked about the evidence to Allah’s existence, he responded: “All praise is due to Allah! The camel’s dung testifies to the existence of the camel, and the track testifies to the fact that someone was walking. A sky that holds the giant stars, a land that has fairways and a sea that has waves, does not all of this testify that the Most Kind, Most Knowledgeable exists?” [Ar-Razi 2:91]

Hence, whoever gazes at the sky in its immensity, its expanse, and the various kinds of planets in it, some of which appear stationary in the sky – whoever gazes at the seas that surround the land from all sides, and the mountains that were placed on the earth to stabilize it, so that whoever lives on land, whatever their shape and color, are able to live and thrive – whoever reads Allah’s statement:

“And among the mountains are streaks white and red, of varying colours and (others) very black. And likewise, men and ad-Dawwabb (moving, living creatures, beasts) and cattle are of various colours. It is only those who have knowledge among His servants that fear Allah.” (35:27-28)

Whoever thinks about the running rivers that travel from area to area bringing benefit, whoever ponders over what Allah has created on earth; various animals and plants of different tastes, scents, shapes and colors that are a result of unity between land and water, whoever thinks about all of this then he will realize that these facts testify to the existence of the Creator, His perfect ability, wisdom, mercy, kindness, generosity and His overall compassion for His creation. There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, nor is there a Lord besides Him, upon Him we rely and to Him we turn in repentance. There are numerous Ayat in the Qur’an on this subject.

Written by Al Haafidh Ibn Kathir رحمه الله

Creation is in need of Allah سبحانه و تعالى

February 2, 2009 at 6:16 pm | Posted in Tawhid | 1 Comment
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بسم الله الرحمان الحيم

الحمد الله

“Man always looks for what benefits him and what protects him from harm. However, to accomplish this, man must be able to realize what is harmful. He must then know whom he should need, trust, and love so that he can attain what is beneficial as well as to feel good about his choice. He also must know the proper and good approach that would make him achieve this goal. This latter condition requires that man:

a) Know about harm

b) What ways can be used to drive harm away

Certainly, man can have no better guidance than that which comes from the One Who had perfected everything, and the One who Has no deficiency in Himself and in His Attributes. The One Who is Ever-Living and Who does not die. There can be no One better than the One Who Has no need for anything; the One Who is rich; the Giver; the One who, after all, controls man’s soul. Man is so poor to Him. He is Allah, the True and only God. Man can bring harm to himself if he seeks other than Allah for help. Allah is the One Who can help man drive away any harm for it cannot occur without His Will and His Power.

Allah سبحانه و تعالى sent down His Books and chose His Messengers to guide man to:

a) Know His Lord as He سبحانه و تعالى had explained about Himself, and

b) Seek Him Alone while living in accordance with His plan

Knowing Allah’s Names and Attributes liberates man from worshiping any form of creation because creation is weak and is in need of The Creator, Allah. The knowledge about Allah leads man to know that he is created to live according to Allah’s way as revealed to the last Messenger Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم. This Revelation contains a complete code of life. Everything that is beneficial or harmful is established so that man can center his life around this Revelation. If man commits wrong and knows that Allah is Oft-Forgiving he would turn to Him and to Him alone seeking His forgiveness: “Know, therefore, that there is no God Who deserves to be worshiped except Allah; and ask forgiveness for your sins.” (Qur’an, 47:19)

It is wrong to think or believe that Allah created other ‘gods’ besides Him so that man turns to them for help; loves them or fear them, etc. He is the same God of all nations. He does not order that people should make of stars, sun, fire, Jesus, Moses, etc. gods besides Him. He (Most Exalted) cannot be ‘contradictory’. He has one way (religion) that calls man to surrender his will only to Him. He سبحانه و تعالى warned that if man (even Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم) would take partners with Him, then his work will fail and will be among losers:

“And verily, it had been revealed to you (O Muhammad) as has been revealed to those before you. If you join others in worship with Allah (then) surely (all) your deeds will be in vain and you will certainly be among the losers. Nay! But worship Allah and be among grateful.” (Qur’an, 39:65-66)

Let us know what Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم, the man-Prophet, who knew Allah best, used to say:

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You for Your Pleasure and against Your Wrath,and in Your Forgiveness and against Your Punishment and in You from You, I cannot Praise You as You can Praise Yourself.” (Muslim, Abu Dawoud, at-Tirmidhi, ibn Majah)

“I have surrendered myself to You, I have directed my face to You, I have entrusted my affairs to You, I have compelled my back to refuge in You, in want and in fright of You, there is no resort nor survival from You except (in turning) to You. I have faith in Your book (i.e. the Qur’an) which You brought down and in the Prophet (Muhammad) you have sent.” (Al-Bukhari, Muslim)

When we read in the Qur’an that:

“Whatever of Mercy (i.e. of good), Allah may grant to mankind, none can withhold it, and whatever He may withhold, none can grant it thereafter. And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.” (Qur’an, 35:2)

And when we read that:

“If Allah touches you with hurt, there is none can remove it but He; and if He intends any good for you, there is none who can repel His favor which He causes it to reach whomsoever of His slaves He will, and He is the Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (Qur’an, 10:117)

We should be motivated to return to Him Alone at times of ease and at times of hardship.

And when we read that:

“If Allah helps you none can overcome you, and if He forsakes you, who is there, after Him, that can help you. And in Allah (alone) let believers put their trust.” (Qur’an, 3:160)

The Qur’an, therefore, leads man to a true liberation from any false attachment. It brings peace to the heart. It helps the believer against hypocrisy and all forms of dishonesty. Imagine, for example, a believer facing a problem at work. He sees wrong and faces unlawful practices. He does not fear rejecting what is wrong. He knows that the job is only a means to gain his sustenance. While he may be unable to correct what is wrong, he knows well that Allah is the One Who provides. If he leaves his job for the sake of Allah, Allah will give him a better one. Allah سبحانه و تعالى said:

“And whosoever fears Allah and keeps his duty to Him. He will make a way for him to get out (from) every (difficulty), and He will provide him from (sources) he could never imagine.” (Qur’an, 65:2-3)

The above texts, necessitates that man must depend upon Allah سبحانه و تعالى asking Him Alone for assistance. It also requires that man must love Allah and worship Him Alone to gain His pleasure and His help. Is it not true that the people who consider this life as the “Final Goal” end up worshiping many things in it? You see them so careful about “having it all”. They torture themselves: pain, difficulty, constant worry, keeping their hands in the banks for loan after loan to keep up with the “demands of development”. They are under the constant threat of fore-closure. They constantly see poverty in front of their eyes. The Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم said:

“Allah says: Son of Adam: Fill your time with My worship and I will fill your heart with richness, and end off your poverty. But if you donot, I would make your hands fully busy (i.e. in worldly affairs) and I would not end off your poverty.” (At-Tirmidhi said that it is a good hadeeth)

Our purpose of existence on earth is more meaningful than being slaves to worldly gains. There can be no meaningful life better than that prescribed by our Creator Allah. Every act done according to Allah’s way is an act of worship. Man is the beneficiary and Allah is in no need:

“O mankind! It is you who stand in need of Allah, but Allah is Rich (Free of all wants and needs), Worthy of All Praise.” (Qur’an, 35:15)

Written by Dr. Saleh as-Saleh based on Ighathaat ul Lahfan (1/6-42) of Ibn al Qayyim رحمهما الله

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